Steel structure engineering precautions
(I) Steel structure production
Steel structure production includes deepening, lofting, material numbering, cutting, welding, correction and other links. The friction surface after high-strength bolt treatment should meet the requirements of anti-slip coefficient.
After the production is completed and the quality is qualified, shot blasting and spraying are carried out. The shot blasting grade and spraying thickness must also meet the requirements of the drawings. Generally, 30 to 50 mm is reserved for the installation weld and no painting is done for the time being.
(II) Steel structure welding
Welders must pass the examination and obtain a certificate of qualification, and must weld within the items they have passed the examination and within the scope of their approval. Stamp the steel after welding.
Welding materials should match the parent material, and appropriate welding wire and flux should be selected. According to the design requirements of the drawings, the first and second level welds that are fully welded should be inspected for internal defects using ultrasonic testing.
(III) Transportation of steel components
When transporting steel components, vehicles should be selected according to the length and weight of the steel components, and they must not be overloaded, overlong or overheight. It should be ensured that the steel components do not deform on the vehicle and the coating is not damaged as much as possible. If the coating is damaged during transportation or loading and unloading, it should be repainted during installation.
(IV) Installation of steel structures on site
The installation of steel structures should be carried out according to the construction organization design, and safety is the top priority of steel structure installation. The installation procedure must ensure the stability of the structure and not cause permanent deformation. When installing columns, the positioning axis of each column section must be directly drawn from the ground control axis. After the main components of the steel structure, such as columns, beams, and roof trusses, are installed in place, they must be corrected and fixed immediately.
(V) Installation of steel structures on site
1) The fire resistance of steel structures is poor. When the temperature reaches 550℃, the yield strength of the steel material drops to about 0.7 of the yield strength at normal temperature, and the structure reaches its strength design value and may be damaged.
The design should be based on the provisions of relevant fire protection regulations so that the building structure can meet the requirements of the corresponding fire protection standards. Within the time required by the fire protection standard, the temperature of the steel structure should not exceed the critical temperature to ensure the normal bearing capacity of the structure.
2) Exposed steel structures may be severely corroded by the atmosphere, especially the polluted atmosphere, the most common of which is rust. Therefore, it is necessary to carry out anti-corrosion treatment on the surface of the components to ensure the normal use of the steel structure. The method of anti-corrosion treatment is determined according to the surface conditions of the components and the requirements of service life.
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